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The Lithuanian Chronicles ((リトアニア語:Lietuvos metraščiai)) are three redactions of chronicles compiled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. All redactions were written in the Old Church Slavonic language and served the needs of Lithuanian patriotism.〔 The first edition, compiled in the 1420s, glorified Vytautas the Great and supported his side in power struggles. The second redaction, prepared in the first half of the 16th century, started the myth of Lithuanian Roman origin: it gave a fanciful genealogy of Palemon, a noble from the Roman Empire who founded the Grand Duchy. This noble origin of Lithuanians was important in cultural rivalry with the Kingdom of Poland. The third redaction, known only from the Bychowiec Chronicle, elaborated even further on the legend, but also provided some useful information about the second half of the 15th century. The three redactions, the first known historical accounts produced within the Grand Duchy, gave rise to the historiography of Lithuania.〔 All medieval historians used these accounts, that survived in 22 known transcriptions,〔 as basis for their publications and some of the myths created in the chronicles persisted even to the beginning of the 20th century. ==First redaction== The first or the short redaction (also known as ''Chronicle of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania'' or ''Letopisec Litovskii'') was compiled sometime in the 1420s, when Vytautas the Great hoped to be crowned as King of Lithuania.〔 This redaction included the earliest known historical account produced in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: ''Dis ist Witoldes sache wedir Jagalan und Skargalan'', a complain and memorial written by Vytautas in 1390 during the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392).〔 It detailed his power struggles against cousins Jogaila and Skirgaila in 1379–1390 and supported his claims to his patrimony in Trakai and title of Grand Duke of Lithuania. Two translations of this document survive: Latin ''Origo regis Jagyelo et Witholdi ducum Lithuaniae'' from the 15th century and Russian ''Litovskomu rodu pochinok'' from the 14th century.〔 Later this document was expanded to include events up to 1396.〔 It formed the backbone of the first chronicle. The first redaction survived only from later transcriptions and compilations. The earliest known compilation was prepared in Smolensk around 1446 by bishop Gerasim and his clerk Timofei.〔 The compilation also included a praise to Vytautas, written by Gerasim, a story about Podolia, written in 1431–1435 to support the Lithuanian claims against Poland in the Lithuanian Civil War (1431–1435),〔 a description of power struggles between Švitrigaila and Sigismund Kęstutaitis, a short summary of Moscow's chronicles (854–1428),〔 and latest events in Smolensk (1431–1445).〔 The compilation also did not survive in its original state. It is known from several transcriptions:〔 * Avraamka Chronicle, compiled by a Smolensk monk named Avraamka in 1495 * Uvarov Chronicle, also known as Slutsk Chronicle, compiled by the court of Olelkovich, prince of Slutsk and descendant of Gediminas in the 15th century * Suprasl Chronicle, compiled in the middle of the 15th century and preserved in a 1519 copy found in the Supraśl Orthodox Monastery 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lithuanian Chronicles」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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